Abstract

Scientific Spatial Planning of Protected Areas for a Nature Positive Economy in Asia

Hyeyeong CHOE^1,2, Seunguk KIM¹, Jaesang CHUNG¹

¹Seoul National University, hy.choe@snu.ac.kr
²Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University

 To achieve the "Nature Positive" goal of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the international community is accelerating the "30by30" target. Particularly in Asia, where rapid economic growth intersects with urgent conservation needs, a shift is needed from mere quantitative expansion to qualitative management strategies that maximize the value of natural capital. However, data scarcity and socio-economic constraints remain significant barriers. Effective protected area designation requires proactive assessment of ecological functions under uncertain future environments to allocate limited resources optimally. We propose a comprehensive spatial planning framework to improve conservation efficiency using climate-based surrogates and connectivity analysis, applicable even in regions with limited data. Specifically, we discuss methods to manage natural capital risks and enhance asset value by identifying future climate refugia and addressing the uneven distribution of protected areas to cover overlooked ecosystems. Crucially, this approach provides the scientific evidence needed to reconcile spatial trade-offs among conservation priorities. This clarity ensures that private investments, such as OECMs, Biodiversity Credits, and corporate ESG management, are strategically directed towards actual nature recovery. Scientifically evidence-based spatial planning will safeguard both ecological integrity and economic viability, serving as an essential strategic framework for Asia's transition to a Nature Positive Economy.